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Notes on AI visibility.
Original writing on GEO, measurement methodology and how brands show up in AI answers.
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What is GEO? A comprehensive guide to visibility in generative AI search
GEO is the work of making your brand more likely to be mentioned and cited in answers from ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude and Perplexity. Origins, mechanics, practice and measurement.
Read postGEO vs SEO: Search Strategy in the Age of AI
SEO ranks your pages in a list of links; GEO gets your brand mentioned inside AI answers. Here is how they differ, what they share and how to run both together.
Read postHow does ChatGPT recommend brands? Recommendation signals and evidence-based methods
ChatGPT recommends brands from training memory and live web search. The documented signals, the research evidence and a step-by-step method to measure and improve your visibility.
Read postHow to Measure AI Visibility: Metrics, Sampling and Common Mistakes
A practical, statistically honest guide to measuring brand visibility in ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude and Perplexity: core metrics, sample sizes and the errors to avoid.
Read postWhich sources does AI cite? The anatomy of LLM citations
How ChatGPT, Gemini, Claude and Perplexity choose the sources they cite, which page types win, how reliable citations are, and how to measure your share.
Read postWhat is llms.txt and does your site really need it?
llms.txt is a proposed Markdown file that summarises your site for AI models. What it does, who actually reads it, and whether your site really needs one.
Read postGoogle AI Overviews and AI Mode: how to get visible in AI summaries
What it takes to be cited in Google AI Overviews and AI Mode: eligibility, query fan-out, content that gets quoted, opt-out controls and how to measure results.
Read postVisibility in Perplexity: How Source Selection Works and How Brands Stand Out
Perplexity searches the web live for every question and cites a handful of pages. Here is how that source selection works, what you can influence and how to measure it honestly.
Read postAEO, GEO and LLMO: concepts, differences and which to focus on
AEO aims to be the single answer, GEO to appear in generated answers, LLMO to shape what models know about your brand. Here is how they differ and what to prioritize.
Read postHow to write content that AI quotes: structure, evidence and E-E-A-T
Content AI assistants cite combines answer-first, self-contained passages, verifiable evidence and strong E-E-A-T signals. A research-based, step-by-step guide.
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